This is a solid sum-up of where things stand ~ Sooz
AlterNet / By Steven Rosenfeld
U.S. Supreme Court Unleashed a Legal Tidal Wave Sweeping Away Same-Sex Marriage BansBut persistent barriers to marriage equality remain in many states.October 8, 2014 | The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision Monday sustaining lower court rulings that struck down same-sex marriage bans in five states has created a judicial earthquake that is still shaking out. Other judges have subsequently ruled that marriage bans in other states must fall—although the nation’s highest Court put one of those rulings on hold.
Within hours of the Monday ruling, couples in five states—Indiana, Oklahoma, Utah, Virginia and Wisconsin—started seeking licenses and getting married. The high Court’s ruling came as a surprise, because LGBT advocates and other observers expected the Supreme Court to hold another trial to finally settle the marriage equality issue.
In the short run, the Court’s decision meant that 24 states plus the District of Columbia now allow same-sex marriage. But because of the way that the federal court system is stuctured and works—where a decision about an issue in one federal court jurisdiction, or circuit, also affects other states in that same circuit—the Supreme Court also triggered a judicial shockwave. Its action on Monday prompted federal and state judges in places where lawsuits challenging those bans have been slowly unfolding to jump ahead and overturn legal barriers to same-sex marriage.
On Tuesday, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which covers California and other western states, struck down marriage bans in Idaho and Nevada. But on Thursday, Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy, who oversees the Ninth Circuit, granted Idaho a temporary reprieve and ordered the state’s lawyers to file its arguments by Thursday. That delay means that it might only be a few more days until the Supreme Court overturns Idaho’s same-sex marriage ban.
Meanwhile, on Wednesday in Johnson County, Kansas, which is where Kansas City and its suburbs are located, Chief District Judge Kevin Moriarty issued an order directing his clerks and other court judges to start issuing marriage licenses without fear of being sued under other state laws, including a constitutional amendment passed in 2005 banning same-sex marriages. KansasCity.com reported that clerks in other counties refused to do likewise after the state agency overseeing state courts warned them not to do so.
Legal advocates for same-sex marriage say that anywhere from 30 to 35 states may soon allow the unions. But behind those predictions are some tricky hurdles. Take Kansas. The state is in the Tenth Circuit, where federal lawsuits were filed to overturn state same-sex marriage bans in Utah and Oklahoma—and the U.S. Supreme Court agreed that those states’ bans must go. But the suit challenging Kansas’ ban was filed in state court, which hasn’t yet ruled. It may only be a matter of time before it too falls, and Judge Moriarty’s order may end up hastening the Kansas Supreme Court’s review.
These fine-print legal gyrations are not unique to Kansas, but are a result of complicated, state-by-state litigation that is in various stages in the legal pipeline.
Camilla Taylor, Lambda Legal Counsel and Marriage Project National Director, sent this explanation by e-mail on Wednesday to describe what has been unfolding this week:
When the Supreme Court denied review in cases from five states, the marriage bans in those states became invalid more or less immediately. All of the three affected circuit courts of appeals issued what's called a ‘mandate,’ which made their decisions final, within a day. In fact, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals did that within hours. Couples in the five states whose marriage bans had been struck down got married that day. The marriage bans in the other states that are geographically within the jurisdiction of the three affected circuit courts of appeal (e.g., West Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Colorado, Kansas, Wyoming) are unconstitutional, too, because the reasoning of the decisions that were left standing by the Supreme Court's denial of cert is not specific to any state.
However, local officials and courts are still grappling with the mechanism for holding those bans invalid. In Colorado, the Attorney General is moving promptly to lift stays on court proceedings, and obtain court orders requiring clerks to comply with the 10th Circuit ruling. In Kansas, a state court has issued an administrative order requiring the issuance of marriage licenses to same-sex couples. In West Virginia, a district court has lifted a stay that prevented a marriage lawsuit from proceeding, and is likely to rule within weeks. In North Carolina, a court has done likewise. This is largely a clean-up job.
It is clear that the tides of time are on the side of legalizing same-sex marriage across America. But it is also true that there is more to ensuring marriage equality than just calling it “a clean-up job.”
Just last week, while reporting in Kansas on soon-to-be published analyses of LGBT discrimination and the state’s equality movement, David Brown, the lawyer leading the challenge to the state’s same-sex marriage laws, explained that the Kansas Supreme Court has a legal “tradition” of viewing federal Tenth Circuit rulings as advisory. His lawsuit gives the Kansas Supreme Court several possible options, including overturning the state’s 2005 constitutional ban on the marriages.
But until all the unresolved legal issues that are reverberating across conservative states are settled, the expansion of same-sex marriage rights will continue to unfold in unruly and unpredictable ways.
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